science Clinical Microbiology Standard

Kovacs' Reagent — Spot Indole Testing for Clinical Microbiology

100 ml · room-temperature storage (15–25°C) · both filter paper and swab methods validated per IFU Rev. 2023-12

QC organisms available from the same supplier.

For In Vitro Diagnostic Use Only  |  High Complexity  |  GHS Signal Word: DANGER

Kovacs' Reagent PL.375 — 100 ml bottle
verified IVD — For In Vitro Diagnostic Use Only
|
check_circle CLSI M35-A2 Aligned
| High Complexity | IFU Rev. 2023-12 | CE IVD

The Classic Kovacs Chemistry — Documented for Modern Accreditation

Nearly 100 years of established chemistry (Kovacs, 1928). CLSI M35-A2 aligned. Room-temperature storage. QC organisms from the same supplier.

Room Temperature Storage

Stores at 15–25°C — no refrigerated shipping, no cold-pack receiving, no refrigerator space required.

IFU Rev. 2023-12

Both Methods Validated

Filter paper method (Whatman No. 1) and direct colony swab method — both validated in the IFU. Hardy Z67 is not validated for colony spot testing.

IFU Rev. 2023-12, Procedure

5% w/v p-DMAB — Exact CLSI M35-A2 Formulation

5 g of p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde per 100 ml — the concentration specified in CLSI M35-A2 for spot indole testing.

CLSI M35-A2 + IFU Rev. 2023-12

One-Vendor QC Ecosystem

IFU-specified QC organisms available from Pro-Lab Direct: PLD02 (E. coli ATCC 25922) and PLD04 (K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883).

IFU Rev. 2023-12, QC section

Tailored for Your Role

Select your role to see how PL.375 fits your specific workflow.

Lab Directors & Pathologists

CLSI M35-A2 Aligned Indole Testing — Documented for High Complexity Microbiology Laboratories

When CAP comes through, your documentation needs to show CLSI-aligned methodology, IFU-referenced QC organisms, and traceable lot validation. PL.375 delivers all three — room-temperature storage, both filter paper and swab methods validated, and QC organisms (PLD02/PLD04) available directly from Pro-Lab Direct.

  • task_alt CLSI M35-A2 aligned: 5% w/v p-DMAB — the exact concentration specified for spot indole testing
  • task_alt IFU-specified QC organisms: PLD02 (E. coli ATCC 25922) + PLD04 (K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883) — same-vendor sourcing
  • task_alt Current IFU revision 2023-12 — up-to-date documentation for accreditation compliance
  • task_alt High Complexity CLIA classification — documented for your quality records

Q: We're validated on Remel R21227. Does switching require full revalidation?

The active chemistry is the same — p-DMAB at 5% w/v (isoamyl alcohol carrier, HCl). Lot-to-lot validation using PL.375 IFU-specified QC organisms (PLD02/PLD04, both available from Pro-Lab Direct) follows the same procedure as your current lot change protocol.

  

Medical Laboratory Technologists

Spot Indole Testing That Works at the Bench — Filter Paper and Swab Methods, Both Validated

When you're running gram-negative workups, the indole test is as routine as the oxidase. You need a reagent that works the same way every time, doesn't require digging around the fridge, and gives you a clear red colour in under 3 minutes.

  • task_alt Filter paper method: 1–2 drops on Whatman No. 1, smear colony growth, read in ≤3 minutes
  • task_alt Swab method: 1–2 drops on cotton swab tip, touch to colony surface, read in ≤3 minutes
  • task_alt Cherry-red colour within 3 minutes — unambiguous visual endpoint
  • task_alt Room temperature storage (15–25°C) — grab it off the shelf, not out of the fridge

Q: What does an orange colour result mean?

Orange is a variable result — caused by skatole, a methylated precursor to indole. Repeat with a fresh colony. If the repeat is also orange, record as variable and proceed per your lab's SOP.

Lab Managers & Supervisors

100 ml Room-Temperature Reagent — Larger Safety Stock, No Cold-Chain Receiving

Room-temperature storage at 15–25°C, a 100 ml bottle that provides significantly larger safety stock than competitor 15–25 ml bottles, and direct ordering from pro-lab-direct.com.

  • task_alt 100 ml vs. Remel 25 ml / Hardy 15 ml — 4–6× the volume, fewer reorders, less stockout risk
  • task_alt Room temperature storage: no cold-chain receiving, no refrigerator space allocation
  • task_alt $65.27 direct — order from pro-lab-direct.com or ask your distributor
  • task_alt One-vendor QC: reagent + QC organisms (PLD02, PLD04) in a single purchase order
  

Indole-Positive and Indole-Negative Organisms

Organisms by indole test result — cherry-red colour within 3 minutes (positive) or no colour change (negative). Source: IFU Rev. 2023-12; standard clinical microbiology references.

add_circle Indole-Positive — Cherry-Red Colour Within 3 Minutes

OrganismClinical Relevance
Escherichia coliPrimary UTI pathogen; IMViC QC positive control
Proteus vulgaris, P. morganiiUTI/wound — differentiate from indole-negative P. mirabilis
Klebsiella oxytocaESBL profile differs from K. pneumoniae
Morganella morganiiUTI and wound infection
Citrobacter koseriNeonatal meningitis — differentiate from C. freundii
Aeromonas hydrophilaGI and wound infection
Vibrio spp.Marine exposure; foodborne illness
Pasteurella multocidaAnimal bite wound infection

do_not_disturb_on Indole-Negative — No Colour Change (QC negative: K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883)

OrganismClinical Relevance
Proteus mirabilisMost common UTI Proteus; intrinsically resistant to nitrofurantoin
Klebsiella pneumoniaeHospital-acquired infection; ESBL/KPC; QC negative control (PLD04)
Salmonella spp.Foodborne; nationally notifiable pathogen
Shigella spp.GI infection — most species indole-negative
Enterobacter spp.Healthcare-associated infection
Serratia marcescensHAI — especially in ICU
Citrobacter freundiiHAI — differentiate from indole-positive C. koseri

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IFU-specified positive QC organism for PL.375 lot validation — produces cherry-red colour with Kovacs' Reagent.

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IFU-specified negative QC organism for PL.375 lot validation — no colour change expected with Kovacs' Reagent.

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Technical Specifications

Catalog NumberPL.375
Volume100 ml
Storage Temperature15–25°C (room temperature — no refrigeration required)
Active Ingredientp-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (p-DMAB), 5 g per 100 ml (5% w/v)
Carrier Solvent1-Pentanol (amyl alcohol); Hydrochloric acid
CLIA ComplexityHigh Complexity
Methods ValidatedFilter paper method (Whatman No. 1); Direct colony swab method
Positive ResultCherry-red colour within 3 minutes
Positive QC OrganismEscherichia coli ATCC 25922 (PLD02)
Negative QC OrganismKlebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883 (PLD04)
Controls IncludedNot included — order PLD02 and PLD04 separately
Instrument RequiredNone
IFU Revision2023-12 (December 2023)
Regulatory StatusFor In Vitro Diagnostic Use Only; CE IVD
GHS Signal WordDANGER — H226 (Flammable), H314 (Corrosive), H332, H335
Price (USD)$65.27 — order direct from pro-lab-direct.com

How PL.375 Compares

Side-by-side comparison based on published IFU data.

Feature Pro-Lab PL.375 Remel R21227 Hardy Z67
Storage Temperature 15–25°C (room temp) 2–8°C (refrigerated) [not confirmed]
Volume 100 ml 25 ml 15 ml
Colony Spot Test (filter paper) ✓ Validated (IFU) Not confirmed ✗ Explicitly NOT for spot test (IFU)
Colony Swab Method ✓ Validated (IFU) Not confirmed ✗ Tube/strip only
CLSI M35-A2 Alignment ✓ 5% w/v p-DMAB Same chemistry Not confirmed
QC Organisms — Same Vendor ✓ PLD02 + PLD04 Separate sourcing Separate sourcing

Source: PL.375 IFU Rev. 2023-12; Remel R21227 IFU; Hardy Diagnostics Z67 IFU. All comparisons based on manufacturer-published IFU documents.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does Kovacs' Reagent require refrigeration? expand_more

No — PL.375 stores at room temperature, 15–25°C, until the expiry date on the label. No cold-chain shipping, cold-pack receiving, or refrigerator storage is required. Remel R21227 requires 2–8°C refrigeration — a meaningful logistics difference.

Can I use PL.375 for the filter paper spot method directly on colonies? expand_more

Yes — PL.375 validates both the filter paper method and the direct colony swab method in the IFU (Rev. 2023-12). Apply 1–2 drops to reagent-saturated filter paper or to a cotton swab tip; touch to colony; read within 3 minutes. Hardy Diagnostics Z67 explicitly states it is NOT for use in the filter paper spot test.

Is the Kovacs indole test validated per CLSI M35-A2? expand_more

PL.375 contains 5 g of p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (p-DMAB) per 100 ml — a 5% w/v concentration. CLSI M35-A2 (Abbreviated Identification of Bacteria and Yeast) specifies 5% w/v p-DMAB as one of two sanctioned reagent formulations for the spot indole test.

What is the CLIA complexity classification? expand_more

High Complexity — consistent with standard biochemical identification tests performed in accredited clinical microbiology laboratories. Document this classification in your CLIA/CAP quality records.

What QC organisms does the IFU specify? expand_more

The IFU (Rev. 2023-12) specifies E. coli NCTC 12241 / ATCC 25922 as the positive control (PLD02 — produces red colour) and Klebsiella pneumoniae NCTC 9633 / ATCC 13883 as the negative control (PLD04 — no colour change). Both QC organisms are available directly from Pro-Lab Direct — order them with your reagent in the same purchase order.

What does an orange colour result mean? expand_more

Orange is a variable result — typically caused by skatole, a methylated precursor to indole. Repeat the test using a fresh colony or a new culture. If the result is consistently orange, record as variable and proceed with supplementary identification per your lab's SOP.

Can I use PL.375 on MacConkey or EMB agar? expand_more

No — glucose-containing media inhibit indole production and may cause false-negative results. Use non-glucose-containing media (blood agar, tryptic soy agar, or nutrient agar) for cultures to be tested with Kovacs' Reagent. This limitation is stated explicitly in IFU Rev. 2023-12.

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